Such organic compounds that vary from one another by a repeating unit and have the same. Study 11 terms homologous series flashcards quizlet. Dec 31, 2014 for the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. Alkenes homologous series national 5 chemistry revision. Jun 22, 2018 mathematical tables are super interesting. However, the functional group finds out the properties of a homologous series. What homologous series does butane belong to answers. Common functional groups and their families of compound. A homologous series is a group of compounds with similar characteristics and the same general formula. If we examine the unbranched alkanes, we notice that each alkane differs from the preceding alkane by one ch 2 group. A series of a organic compound each containing a characteristic functional group and the successive members differ by from each other in molecular formula by ch2methylene group is called homologous series. Compounds within a homologous series typically have a fixed set of functional groups that gives them similar chemical and physical properties. The difference between two consecutive members in their composition is ch 2 unit.
Qualitative organic functional group tests in various homologous series. Homologous series is a series of compounds with similar chemical properties and same functional group differing from the successive member by ch 2. The functional group present in the following molecules are encircled. Part 4 gases, water and nonmetallic elements part 5 anions negative ions including hydroxide alkalis.
In the field of organic chemistry, a homologous series is a series of compounds with the same functional group and similar chemical properties in which the members of the series can be branched or unbranched. At room temperature 25c and 1 atm pressure, the first four. For example, methane, ethane, and propane are part of a homologous series. Jun 12, 2017 each homologous series has its own functional group. A homologous series is a group or family of organic compounds that has certain characteristics. A particular functional group will always undergo similar types of chemical reactions. There is a gradation in the physical properties of the homologues of the series due to the increasing length of the carbon chain. Therefore, the homologous series is a family of organic compound that is made out of members with common functional group, common chemical properties, and consecutive members are differ by one. Ethanol can be oxidised using agents or microbes to form ethanois acid in vinegar a flavouring and preservative.
Homologous seriesfunctional groups and isomerism, chemistry. For example, the carboncarbon double bond allows all members of the alkene homologous series to undergo addition. Homologous series of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes with examples. Functional group is a group of atoms tied together which will take part in a chemical reaction therefore determine the chemical properties of the series. Hence, all members of a homologous series have very similar chemical properties. Functional groups and homologous series question 2. Organic functional groups and homologous series youtube. Methanol is an important raw material used in the manufacture of duels, adhesives and solvents.
A homologous series is a group of chemicals which have similar chemical properties and can be represented by a general formula. For example, methane, ethane, propane, butane, etc. Carbon chains of varying length have been observed in organic compounds having the same general formula. This means that the compounds are identical with the exception of the number of ch2 units in the compound. A homologous series homos is greek for the same as can be defined as the group of compounds in which the various members have similar structural features and similar chemical properties and the successive members differ in their molecular formula by one methylene ch 2 group. Because the functional group is the same for each molecule in a homologous series, the homologues have similar reactivities. In organic chemistry, a homologous series is a series of compounds with the same functional group due to the presence of the same functional group, compounds within the same homologous series have similar chemical properties. General formula, functional group and properties of alkanes.
Qualitative analysis tests for identifying organic. There are a number of homologous series in organic compounds. In the field of organic chemistry, a homologous series is a sequence of compounds with the same functional group and similar chemical properties in which the members of the series can be branched or unbranched. Similar chemical properties physical properties change gradually as size increases e. Homologous series wikimili, the best wikipedia reader. This can be the length of a carbon chain, for example in the straightchained alkanes paraffins, or it could be the number of monomers in a homopolymer such as amylose.
Functional group, homologous series and nomenclature of. The individual members of a homologous series are known as homologous and the process is known as homology. Mar 20, 2019 the functional group of aldehyde is aldehydic group i. The homologues in a homologous series undergo similar chemical reactions because they have the same functional group. This document is highly rated by jee students and has been viewed 3611 times. For example, the oh group, when attached to a saturated carbon, makes the parent molecule an alcoho. In chemistry, a homologous series is a series of organic compounds with a similar general formula, possessing similar chemical properties due to the presence of the same functional group, and. An homologous series is a group of compounds with similar structural features that can be represented by a general formula whose members differ by one ch 2 unit. When organic compounds containing same functional group are arranged in series on the basis of their increasing molecular weight, having the difference of ch 2 methylene group in between two consecutive compounds, such series is called homologous series. A functional group is an atom, a radical group of atoms or a bond common to a homologous series, and which determines the main chemical properties of the series.
Homologous series examples, answers, activities, experiment. Choose from 352 different sets of homologous series flashcards on quizlet. The priority order of functional groups in iupac nomenclature is based on a relative scale where all functional groups are arranged in the decreasing order of preference. Apr 19, 2020 functional group, homologous series and nomenclature of organic compounds class 11 notes edurev is made by best teachers of jee. For example, the alkane group contains the ch2 repeating unit. Consider structures of first five members of the series. Butane, for example, is ch 3 ch 2 2 ch 3 and pentane is ch 3 ch 2 3 ch 3. Qualitative analysis tests for identifying organic functional.
Homologous series grade 11 science notes reference notes. Homologous series of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes with. Homologous series is defined as a systematic order of organic compounds having same functional group that can be represented by same general formula and prepared by same method. The word homologous series and functional groups describe a few of the umbrella principles that assist in the understanding of organic compounds in spite of their large number.
A functional group is a specific group of atoms within a structure such as oh, cooh, nh2, co, hco, cn, these functional groups give rise to different properties within the molecule. What is the difference between functional group and. Functional groups and homologous series question 1. Why many different homologous series of organic compounds. Nov 22, 2019 a homologous series is a series of compounds with the same general formula, usually varying by a single parameter such as the length of a carbon chain. Part 2 qualitative tests to identify organic molecule functional groups of homologous series this page. The individual members of a homologous series are known as homologous. Isomerism describes the existence of organic compounds having the similar number and type of atoms however showing differing features due to the differences in the. Chemicals in the same homologous series will show a gradual variation in one property eg. Alkanes form a homologous series and so do alkenes. Aug 20, 2018 what do you mean by homologous series.
Ib chemistry on homologous series and functional groups of. You can think of an homologous series as a family or group of compounds, whose chemical behaviour is very similar and whose physical properties show trends when ascending the. Each homologous series has its own functional group. Homologous series are families of organic compounds. Functional groups and homologous series sneak peek on. Homologous series chemistry, class 11, organic chemistry. The functional group of aldehyde is aldehydic group i. A few carbon compounds also exhibit a similar pattern.
These functional groups determine the chemical reactions that an organic molecule can undergo. However, if the members cannot be arranged in a linear order by a single parameter, the collection. A homologous series is a series of compounds with the same general formula, usually varying by a single parameter such as the length of a carbon chain. A group of organic compounds which can be represented by the same general formula with a same functional group and which show more or less similar trends in their properties is known as homologous series. Significance and properties of the homologous series. For example, ethane has a higher boiling point than methane since it has more van.
What is the difference between functional group and homologous. Part 3 metal cations positive ions, metal carbonates, ammonium ion and hydrogen ions acids. Ib chemistry on homologous series and functional groups of organic molecules. Notes on functional group and homologous series grade 11. One of the features of a homologous series is that each and every member of a series includes at least one functional group.
Learn homologous series with free interactive flashcards. Organic functional groups homologous series explained why. There is another classification based on homologous series. Members of the same homologous series have the same chemical properties because of the presence of a common functional group in all the molecules of the series. Priority order of functional groups in iupac nomenclature. Homologous series in organic chemistry are groups of molecules that have the same basic structure, including the same functional group. They show a steady change in physical properties from one member to the next. Functional groups and homologous series question 3. In organic chemistry, a functional group is a specific arrangement of atoms that confers specific chemical properties to the rest of the molecule. Homologous series homologous series characteristics. Homologous series and functional groups ck12 foundation.
The defining characteristic of a homologous series is a repeating unit. An homologous series is a group of compounds with similar structural features that can be represented by a general formula whose members differ by one ch 2 unit you can think of an homologous series as a family or group of compounds, whose chemical behaviour is very similar and whose physical properties show trends when ascending the members of the group in terms of. A homologous series is a series of organic compounds with similar formula and properties, properties are dependent on the functional group attached. For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. Organic compounds are grouped into different homologous series. Some examples of homologous series are shown in the following table. Organic compounds also have functional groups, which define the basic properties of the compound. In the field of organic chemistry, a homologous series is a sequence of compounds with the same functional group and similar chemical properties in which the. Class functional groupname suffix examples formula. A homologous series is a family of organic compounds containing a particular characteristic group and exhibiting similar properties. They differ in formula from one member to the next by one ch2 unit. When a group is considered as principle functional group, it is indicated by suffix and when it acts as side chain, it is indicated by prefix.
For example, the compounds given below belong to the alcohol. Even though the general formula remains constant in a homologous series, specific members of the series may have different structures or entirely different properties. The functional group is a structural feature comprising of atoms or bonds found in the organic compounds which control the categorization and. Functional groups and homologous series sneak peek. A basic by which organic compounds are divided into different classes. The name homologous series is also often used for any collection of compounds that have similar structures or include the same functional group, such as the general alkanes straight and branched, the alkenes olefins, the carbohydrates, etc. Functional group functional group is a group of atoms tied together which will take part in a chemical reaction therefore determine the chemical properties of the series. A homologous series is a family of compounds which have a general formula and have similar physical and chemical properties because they have the same. Alcohols are a homologous series with a functional group oh. A homologous series is a family of compounds which have the same general formula and have a similar molecular structure and similar chemical properties because they have the same functional group of atoms e. A homologous series is a series of organic compounds that differ by a ch2 group within a functional group. What are the homologous series to which ethene and propane. A functional group is a class of organic compounds. The series of carbon compounds in which two successive compounds differ by ch 2 unit is called homologous series.
The alkanes, alkenes and cycloalkanes are examples of homologous series. The functional group of ketones is the ketonic group i. Oct 15, 2019 a group of organic compounds which can be represented by the same general formula with a same functional group and which show more or less similar trends in their properties is known as homologous series. In chemistry, a homologous series is a series of organic compounds with a similar general formula, possessing similar chemical properties due to the presence of the same functional group, and shows a gradation in physical properties as a result of increase in molecular size and mass see relative molecular mass. A homologous series in organic chemistry is a group of organic compounds compounds that contain carbon c atoms that diverge from each other by one methylene ch 2 group.
Significance and properties of the homologous series gulpmatrix. Compounds in each series typically have a similar group of atoms called a functional group. Most chemical properties of organic compounds are due to the presence of functional. Characteristics of homologous series 1 all compounds in the series are composed of same elements and contain the same functional group. A homologous series is a group of chemicals which have similar chemical properties and can be. Some important series of aliphatic compounds are listed below.
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